Phased Array (PAUT) is an ultrasonic technique that builds on the conventional ultrasonic testing (UT) method. It uses a multi-element probe composed of numerous transducers, enabling electronic beam steering and focusing. This allows a single scan to cover a large material volume from multiple angles, generating a detailed cross-sectional image. PAUT results are recorded digitally, providing permanent documentation similar to a radiograph in RT.
PAUT is widely used for quality control of welds, castings, forgings, and other components with complex geometry or significant thickness that are made from various materials (metals, composites). It is effective for testing ferritic and austenitic steelcomponents, aluminum, and composite materials (such as wind turbine rotor blades) can be tested. The method detects typical internal defects such as cracks, welding discontinuities (e.g., lack of fusion, bonding, slag inclusions), non-metallic inclusions, delaminations, laminations, incomplete fusion, and porosity.
PAUT results are presented as cross-sectional images, making analysis easier. Digitally recorded data enables evaluation even after the test is completed. PAUT imaging provides superior defect characterization, allowing for more precise sizing and location than conventional UT, which relies on echo signals. Additionally, simultaneous multi-angle scanning accelerates the inspection process, improves defect detectability, and simplifies interpretation.